如何管理操作风险则成为国际金融界理论研究与实践的前沿问题。
How to manage operational risk becomes the forward problem in international finance's theory research and practice.
金融风险管理是现代金融理论的核心和前沿问题，也是我国面临的重大现实问题。
Financial risk management is the core and frontier problem in modern financial theory; it is a critical and practical issue which our country is facing as well.
实物期权理论是金融期权理论在投资决策中的运用，是当今投资决策领域最前沿的研究之一。
The theory of real option is an application of financial option theory in investment decision. It is one of the most recently developed in the field.
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