采用外观和金相方法，对止血钳和手术剪锻坯出现的型腔填充不满、裂纹、重皮和切边撕裂等缺陷进行分析。
Forging defects of mould cavity non-saturate, crack, pucker and shearing edge avulsion, etc. on the astrictive clamps and operating scissors are studied by means of appearance and metallography.
通过金相及电镜断口分析，确定箱体失效系铸造缺陷和几何截面差过大所致。
Failure of cast aluminium alloy box was analysed by metallographic and fractographic analysis, and cast defect and variation of cross section thickness were identified as main causes of failure.
通过对油管表面缺陷、金相组织的观察及油管力学性能的测定确定两件油管的失效原因。
Observations on surface defects, metallurgical examination and mechanical properties evaluation of the oil pipes were performed to assess the possible failure reasons.
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