在第三纪，重寄生属植物的祖先偶然寄生在桑寄生科某些植物上，经过几千万年的协同进化，形成了今天比较稳定的寄生与寄主关系。
Their ancestors were parasitic on ancestors of some plants of Loranthaceae by chance during Tertiary. It took them millions of years to form a sturdy relationship between parasites and hosts.
超微结构与细胞化学研究表明，木霉菌丝能够缠绕并寄生疫霉菌菌丝，且重寄生作用主要发生在培养基内的菌丝上。
The ultrastructural and cytochemical analysis showed that NF9 and TC3 could enwind and infect the Phytophthora hyphae especially in the hypha within the medium.
对蚜虫重寄生蜂的种类、生物学特性、生态学特性及蚜虫重寄生蜂对生物防治的影响进行了较详细的综述。
This paper deals with a detailed review on the species, biology, ecology and their effect on biological control of aphid hyperparasitoids.
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