The observers make the double-spending forbidden.
观察者的引入解决了电子现金的重复支付问题。
参考来源 - 带观察者的实用电子现金系统·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
发行电子现金的银行不再进行电子现金的重复支付检查。
The bank which issues the electronic cash does not carry out the check-up of double-spending.
我检查插件的源代码，可以看到有相关的方法来处理重复支付。
I check the source code of the plugin and I can see there are methods related to handle recurring payments.
倘若转换至基金模式，将牵扯到让现有纳税人重复支付的问题：一份支付现有的养老金基金，另一份为自己的养老金支付。
Switching to a funded model would involve making current taxpayers pay twice: once to fund existing pensioners and again to fund their own pensions.
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