研究人员发现，冠有法国姓氏的法兰德斯男性与至今仍生活在他们法国故乡的男性，Y染色体上带有相同的遗传标记。
The Y chromosomes in Flemish men with French surnames, the researchers found, had the same genetic markers found in men who live today in the region of France where their ancestors originated.
自1993年至今，遗传毒理学进入了分子时代。
Since 1993, genetic toxicology has stepped onto a molecular level.
至今，许多植物已发现有雌性不育现象，人们对其进行了细胞学、胚胎学和遗传学研究，同时也探讨了植物雌性不育的发生机制。
So far, female sterility in many plants has been found and analysed on cytology, embryology and genetics, also the mechanisms of female sterility in plants have been discussed.
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