在欧洲最古老的交通要道莱茵河上，屹立在两边岩岸上的城堡，可以追溯到久远的时期——那时候，顶着贵族头衔的强盗们向过往船只收取通行费。
On Europe's oldest highway, the Rhine river, the castles on rocky outcrops date from the time when bandits with aristocratic titles extracted tolls from passing traffic.
在这份已经被发布在网络上的电子表格中，库曼·诺夫对交通运输的各个方面都进行了计算：例如对现行通行费进行变更和增加新的费用是如何对一天中不同时段的交通产生影响的？
Komanoff's spreadsheet, which he has posted online, calculates how new fees and changes to existing tolls affect traffic at different times of day.
这一机制有时会被用于设置高速公路通行费(为保证交通顺畅，通行费因需求而上涨、下调)，或者用于调整电力市场上能源价格。
Such systems are sometimes used to set motorway tolls (which rise and fall with demand in an effort to keep traffic flowing), or to adjust the price of energy in electricity markets.
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