arts一词通常指人文和社会科学。

The term 'Arts' usually refers to humanities and social sciences.

《牛津词典》

“有效”灌溉通常指的都是一些让85%的水最终以水汽的形式逸散的作法。

"Efficient" irrigation is often used to describe systems that result in 85% of the water disappearing in vapor.

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越来越多的科学家开始探索地球工程的替代方案，这通常指的是有意的对环境进行大规模操纵。

An increasing number of scientists are beginning to explore the alternative of geo-engineering—a term which generally refers to the intentional large-scale manipulation of the environment.

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The council was called the boule, which is also in your handout, and that referred to a smaller council of older men, usually, who made decisions that they then would put before the whole, the demos, the whole voting population.

这一委员会叫做古希腊立法会议，讲义上有，是指年长男子组成的较小政治机构，通常他们做出决定，然后公示给整个。。。,所有公民，整个投票群体。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

But we usually mean by it the immediate, the nuclear family, with some extension.

但通常都是指直系亲属，核心家庭，少量分支。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

The household structure of a Roman household was this-- and I say "household," because our word "family," which we usually take to mean the biological family: the father, the mother, the children, maybe the grandchildren, maybe the extended family.

罗马人的家户结构是。。。,我用“家户“是因为“家庭“,通常是指有血缘关系的亲人：,父亲，母亲，孩子，可能还有孙辈，大家庭。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选