在密码学或密码分析中，选择明文攻击指的是一种攻击模式。攻击者拥有加密机的访问权限，可构造任意明文所对应的密文。
指出了这两种密码系统存在的缺陷，并且成功地实施了选择明文攻击。
The drawbacks of the two chaotic cryptosystems are pointed out respectively, and chosen plaintext attacks are carried out successfully.
但仍存在一些隐患，例如：重放攻击、密码猜测、会话中选择明文攻击等等。
But it still has some security hidden troubles, for instance: replay attack, password guessing, inter-session chosen plaintext attacks.
该文提出一个高效的全序有向传递签名方案，并证明该方案在选择明文攻击下是安全的。
In this paper, an efficient total ordering directed transitive signature scheme is proposed and its security against adaptive chosen-message attack is proved.
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