早期的理论生物学家阿尔弗雷德·洛特卡[4]于1925年写道：“进化的不只是生物或物种，而是物种加环境的整个系统。”

Alfred Lotka, an early theoretical biologist, wrote in 1925, "It is not so much the organism or the species that evolves, but the entire system, species plus environment."

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斯加尔卡也同意这种说法，她说：“这其中可能有某些像是古代的鬼魂，但是这些存在的病毒进化得如此的快以至于我们无法辨认出他们。”

"There may be some ancient ghosts in there, " Skalka agrees, "but the surviving viruses have evolved so far that we can't recognize them anymore."

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加菲：你呢，卢卡，你是生物进化失败的结果。

Garfield: And you, Luca, the wrong side of the evolutionary curve.

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