较之古代社会，近代山东的医学教育在内容、形式等方面都发生了深刻变化。
Great changes took place in the content, form and other aspects of medical education in Shandong in modern times compared with those in ancient times.
本文重点论述近代以来，尤其是在1911 ~ 1930年间，山东民团兴起的社会背景、组织状况以及其存在的积极作用和弊端及其影响。
This article mainly elaborates social background, organization condition, positive role and malpractice of militia in Shandong from 1911 to 1930.
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