目的探讨输尿管镜技术的常见并发症及其原因，预防和减少并发症的发生。
Objective to study the cause of common complication of ureteroscopy and discuss how to prevent and reduce it.
目的总结评价输尿管镜技术在处理上尿路结石急性梗阻中的作用及临床疗效。
Objective: to summarize and evaluate the role and clinical effect of ureteroscope technique on treatment of acute obstruction by stone of upper urinary tract.
以最高级的输尿管镜技术进行钬：钇-铝-石榴石雷射碎石术，为代表妊娠期间精确的结石治疗新策略。
Holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser lithotripsy using state-of-the-art ureteroscopes represents an emerging strategy for definitive stone management in pregnancy.
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