负责小学教育的官员Edith Moraes表示，这些老师们应该受到激励，抛弃过去的填鸭式教学而转向批判分析。

They should prompt a shift away from rote learning and towards critical analysis, says Edith Moraes, the official in charge of primary schools.

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近年来，第二语言（或外语）学习的研究方向已从研究教学方法转向研究个体语言学习的差异上来。

Over the past decade, the focus of a growing body of research in second or foreign language learning has been shifted from teaching methodology to individual differences in language learners.

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随着语言教学研究重点转向学习者，外语学习过程中的情感问题逐渐引起人们的关注。

Recently the research focus of language teaching has been shifted to language learning, which, consequently, has led to the attention to affective aspects.

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