负效应 side effect

负效用 [经] Disutility ; negative utility

显性负效应 dominant negative ; DN

负效应物 negative effector

负效惩罚 negative punishment

负效果律 negative law of effect

负效果 negative effect ; negative effects

负面外溢效应 adverse spillovers ; negative spillover effects

正负效应 positive and negative effects

负效用模型 Disutility of discretion model