在此类研究中，研究人员需要在很长一段时间内对上音乐课和未上音乐课的不同小组的儿童进行追踪——即使任务并不是完全随机的。

In such studies, researchers would need to follow groups of children with and without music lessons over a long period of time—even if the assignments are not completely random.

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这里，你们学到了几种方法：如何听取关键信息，如何让听力任务简单化，以及如何将歌曲、听写、广播节目用于英语课中。

Here, you have learned ideas about how to listen for key information, how to make listening tasks easier, and how to use songs, dictations, or radio programs in your English classes.

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本文将重点讨论任务型教学框架及相关理论，并通过一个任务型教学课例设计和实施来说明任务型教学框架在小学英语教学中的具体运用。

This article mainly focuses on discussing the framework of TBL and relevant theory, on the basis of which tasks have been designed and the process of the application of the framework.

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