所有参与研究的女性都会拿到一份标准的测试卷，通过诸如记忆，推理和空间功能等等项目来测试她们的认知能力。

All the women in the study were given a standard test that measures cognitive function by assessing items such as memory, reasoning and spatial functions.

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其实，随着年龄的增长，脑萎缩或功能性衰退是身体很自然的变化，并不一定是由疾病引起的，但是研究显示，这种自然老化却可以加剧人们患轻度认知障碍（简称MCI，即一种使记忆力衰退的疾病）和老年痴呆症的机率。

Brain shrinkage or atrophy is a natural part of ageing but it is known to be accelerated in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) – a kind of memory loss and forgetfulness – and Alzheimer's.

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事实上，最新一期的读者文摘刊登了一篇文章，就是专门讨论幽默对大脑化学物质的影响及其改善记忆和提高认知能力的功能。

In fact, the most recent Readers Digest ran an article on its effects on the brain chemicals and how it improves memory and cognitive functions.

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Those doctors would still not be able to improve school performance of the kids with learning disabilities and they would still not be able to prevent cognitive impairment and loss of memory in older adults because at this point we don't really understand enough about learning To know which neurons and synapses within a circuit would need to be tinkered with.

他恐怕还是改变不了有学习障碍的孩子们的表现,阻挡不了老年人的认知功能损害和记忆力的衰退,因为我们对这一学科的确知之甚少,不知道知道回路中的到底是哪些神经元和神经突触需要修复。

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