在2004年，Bialystock和同事Fergus Craik把研究方向转移到三项关于认知效果的研究上，该项目的研究主体为150名30到80岁的单语者和双语者。
In 2004, she and her colleague Fergus Craik shifted to conduct three studies looking at the cognitive effects in some 150 monolingual and bilingual people between 30 and 80 years old.
建构主义认为：知识并非被动地接受，而是由认知主体在原有知识基础上主动建构的。
Constructivism holds that knowledge is not passively received but active construction by the cognitive subject based on the prior knowledge.
重要的事件是隐性关系认知的改变允许来访者在主体间环境中采用新的方法与他人互动。
The important event is that the change in implicit relational knowing changes the patient's intersubjective environment and allows for new ways of being with the other.
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