在这种情况下，规范必须明确所调用的基础业务流程(短时间运行或长时间运行)和服务，以及结果的处理方式。

In such a case, a specification must make it clear where underlying business processes (short - or long-running) and services are invoked, and how results are handled.

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JSR 301 portlet桥接规范(portlet bridge specification)的出现，使我们具备了运行JSF应用的标准方式，不论portlets版本是1.0还是2.0。

With the JSR 301 portlet bridge specification, we now have a standard way of running JSF applications as both 1.0 and 2.0 portlets.

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OSGi规范描述了OSGi运行时的工作行为方式；当前版本是OSGi R 4.2 (Infoq曾经报导过)。

Specifications describe the behaviour of how the OSGi runtime works; the current release is OSGi R4.2 (as covered by InfoQ previously).

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