银行业规模经济能够刻画银行业的规模与成本效益的关系，范围经济能够刻画银行业提供多种业务的成本收益状况。
Scale economies of the banking describes the relationship between scale and cost-revenue, while scope economies refers to the cost-revenue when Banks offer sorts of products and operations.
自然垄断的特征与规模经济、范围经济、网络经济和沉没成本有着紧密联系，但其根本特征是成本的劣加性。
The natural monopoly is mainly shown as economies of scale, economies of scope, economies of network and sunk cost, etc, but its basic characteristic is the subadditivity of cost.
横向升级本质上是集群治理进一步升级的过程，增强集群企业之间的网络关联，取得更大的范围经济与规模经济。
Horizontal upgrading is essentially cluster governance upgrading process, enhancing the network association among cluster enterprises, and has larger scope economy and scale economy.
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