现代的微处理器需要十亿美元的被称为 fab 的工厂，以在其表面蚀刻出使其得以运作的微型电子元器件。

A modern microprocessor requires a billion-dollar plant called a fab to etch onto its surface the tiny electronic components that make it run.

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然后，在猫眼石结构表面用电沉积法镀上一层镍膜，之后把猫眼石蚀刻掉，再经过电解抛光，增加这些镍膜空隙度。

After that, a layer of nickel was electrodeposited on the opal, which was then etched away. The porosity of the nickel layer was then increased using electropolishing.

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例如，在纸张，木头或纸板的蚀刻会出现如碳化(燃烧)，而金属表面可能会融化。

For example, on paper, wood or cardboard the etching would occur as carbonization (burning) while the surface of a metal might be melted.

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