在载人航天的各个阶段中，当出现致命性故障（即发生的可能导致航天员伤亡的故障）时，使航天员脱离危险和/或应急返回地面等方式实施自救和营救的过程叫做航天救生。航天救生的全过程中的任一环节或方式也可称作航天救生。航天救生根据不同的阶段分为待发射段救生、发射段救生、轨道运行段救生和返回段救生四种。
联盟号飞船用于在地球和轨道之间运输航天员，而且经常保持充足的数量，因此当危险发生时，它们可以作为“救生船”使用。
Soyuz capsules are used to ferry crew to and from the orbiting platform, and enough vehicles are always present so that they can be used as "lifeboats" if an emergency arises.
一枚高速飞行的碎片几乎与国际空间站相撞，迫使六名工作人员迅速进入救生航天飞机，准备紧急撤回地球。
A piece of flying debris has narrowly missed the International Space Station, forcing six members of the crew to rush to their rescue shuttle and prepare for an emergency evacuation back to Earth.
智利海军根据矿井专家和美国航空航天局专家的建议，建造了这个救生舱。
Chile's Navy built the capsule with advice from mining experts and NASA engineers.
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