二十世纪五十年代的比波普派轻视二十世纪四十年代的摇摆音乐派，而他们自己又受到二十世纪六十年代的自由爵士派的抨击。

1940's swing was belittled by beboppers of the 1950's who were themselves attacked by free jazzes of the 1960's.

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然而，上世纪80年代，中国开始推行自由市场改革；90年代，印度紧随其后，两国都实现了快速增长。

However, once China began embracing free-market reforms in the 1980s, followed by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapid growth.

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格泰斯认为，由于南方的奴隶制妨碍了个人自治和对物质利益的自由追求，北方的主要改革者早在19世纪30年代就反对奴隶制。

Gerteis argues that, since slavery in the South precluded individual autonomy and the free pursuit of material gain, major Northern reformers opposed it as early as the 1830s.

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We last left the poet in the 1640s. Areopagitica, you'll remember, was written in 1644.

上节课讲到17世纪40年代的诗歌，《论出版自由》,是弥尔顿在1644年写的。

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The principle of monism had just introduced itself in England around the mid-1640s, around, it's been argued, the time that Milton's writing Areopagitica, and it met with all sorts of opposition.

一元论原理在17世纪40年代中期,弥尔顿写作《论出版自由》的时候,刚刚传到英格兰，即遭到各种反对。

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