文章对卒中后痉挛的危害、发生机制、鉴别诊断和治疗进展，以及与上运动神经元综合征之间的关系进行了综述。

The article reviews the hazard, mechanisms, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic progress of spasticity after stroke, as well as the relationship between spasticity and upper motor neuron syndrome.

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文章综述了国内外在防波堤损坏这一领域研究的历史与最新进展，并在此基础上对防波堤损坏的原因进行了初步探讨。

This paper reviews the history and the latest advances in the research on breakwater failures. Furthermore, based on the review, this paper also simply discusses the reasons of breakwater failure.

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文章综述了近年来副猪嗜血杆菌病的病原学，流行病学，致病机理，临床症状与病理变化，临床诊断和防治等方面的研究进展。

The aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptom and pathological change, clinical diagnosis and vaccination control of the disease were reviewed in this article.

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