美国现代总统制度的发展始于安德鲁·杰克逊，他于1829年以民主党领袖的身份掌权，一直任职到1837年。

The development of the modern presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 at the head of the Democratic Party and served until 1837.

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学者们抛弃了500年的传统制图法，绘制出了惊人的图像。

Academics came up with the startling images after throwing away 500 years of conventional cartography.

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马奇亚·维利的全新世界，他所称的新模式与秩序将很明显地，会取代传统制约，前朝的制约。

Machiavelli's new world, his new modes and orders, will require, clearly, a displacement of the earlier one, of the previous one.

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