最成功的陆生植物群体是那些进化出了受精性细胞散布方法的群体，这些方法不依赖于水和防止发育中的胚胎干涸的结构。

The most successful groups of land plants are those that evolved methods of fertilized sex cell dispersal that are independent of water and structures that protest developing embryos from drying out.

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水从叶子内部的细胞涌向外面的细胞，导致叶子迅速地从凸向凹翻转，就像一片柔软的隐形眼镜。

Water surges from the cells on the inside of the leaf to those on the outside, causing the leaf to rapidly flip in shape from convex to concave, like a soft contact lens.

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当水通过植物细胞的细胞壁，它会从含盐量最低的一侧进入含盐量最高的一侧。

When water moves through the wall of a plant cell, it will move from the side containing water with the lowest amount of salt into the side containing the highest amount of salt.

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So inside the cell mostly water, outside the cell mostly water, but I need to separate my water from the water outside.

那么细胞内大多是水,细胞外大多也是水,但我需要将体内的和体外的水隔离开

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We talked last time about extracellular matrix and this complex protein-carbohydrate gel that surrounds all cells.

我们上次谈到过的细胞外基质,是一种蛋白和碳水化合物的复合物胶冻,它环绕在细胞周围

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The problem it solves for the cell is how to do I make a barrier around myself to define what's in me and what's outside of me when most of what's around me and what's in me is water.

它为细胞解决的问题是,当我体外和体内大部分都是水情况下,我怎样在自己周围设置一个界线,来区分什么是体内的,什么是体外的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选