然而，一些政府的决策者坚持认为，在不采取紧缩的货币和财政政策的情况下，直接控制工资和价格能够成功地降低通胀。

Nevertheless, some governments' policymakers insist that direct controls on wages and prices, without tight monetary and fiscal policies, can succeed in decreasing inflation.

youdao

但防止紧缩的有用工具是极其有限的。

But its practical tools for preventing deflation are limited.

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紧缩的力度也不能过分夸大。

The extent of the tightening must also not be exaggerated.

youdao

Listen, the two periods in American history 1945 1890 to 1945 The economy suffers 3 contractions of 5 percent, 15% 2 of 10, and 2 of almost 15 percent.

听好，美国历史上的两大时期,第一时期是从1890到5,经济遭受过三次紧缩率为5%的经济紧缩，两次10%，还有两次高达。

斯坦福公开课 - 经济学课程节选

It wasn't caused by the Fed's sudden tightening against inflation. It was different it was this recession was not understood not anticipated; the Fed came in late to cut interest rates to try to prevent it from being worse because it just didn't seem to have any reason for happening.

它不是由于美联储对通货膨胀的,突然紧缩政策造成的，它不同之处在于,这个经济衰退没有被理解，没有事先准备好；,美联储试图阻止它恶化而,降低利率为时已晚，因为,它似乎看起来没有任何理由发生。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Now there was inflation with regard to a basket of the Consumer Price Index is not just the price of gold; it's the price of many things but the there would be inflation or deflation as the relative price of gold changed.

现在，就一组物品来说，是存在通货膨胀的,消费者价格指数并不仅仅是金子的价格；,它是很多东西的价格，但是,当金子的相对价格变化时,通货膨胀或通货紧缩就会发生。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选