升降索通常从帆的前侧延伸到桅杆顶端，然后下降到甲板平面，在甲板上拉起升降索就能升起船帆。

The halyard typically rises from the head of the sail to a block at the head of the mast and back down to deck level, from where it is pulled up to raise the sail.

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有两个病人由于单一的遗传突变导致轻微的肌萎缩性侧索硬化，他们身体中所有的细胞都携带这种突变。

The two patients have a mild form of ALS caused by a single genetic mutation, and all of the cells in their body carry that mutation.

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可是他在21岁的时候，出现了肌萎缩性（脊髓）侧索硬化的征兆；这一疾病不可避免地要导致瘫痪，使他很多事都不能做。

But at age 21 he developed the first symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a disorder that would inevitably render him paralyzed and incapable of performing most kinds of work.

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