战国中期，齐国的“稷下学宫”的一批学者，围绕着天道，展开了“争鸣”，推崇管仲的学者在《管子》中提出了“天不变其常”的思想，以“精气说”发展了早期关于“气”的学说。强调了天的物质性。以无法直接感受的精微原始物质“元气”解释世界。
它首创了“精气说”，从本体论的意义上阐明了大自然与生命的物质性。
It first set up Jing -qi Theory, discussing materiality of the Nature and life from the sense of ontology.
在会堂里有一个人，被污鬼的精气附着，大声喊叫说。
And in the synagogue there was a man, which had a spirit of an unclean devil, and cried out with a loud voice.
在会堂里有一个人，被污鬼的精气附着，大声喊叫说。
33in the synagogue there was a man possessed by a demon, an evil spirit. He cried out at the top of his voice.
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