方法：采用动脉夹箝闭双侧颈总动脉的方法，制作脑缺血再灌注大鼠模型。

Methods: Rat model of cerebullar ischemia-and-reperfusion was made by using bulldog clamp incarcerating common carotid artery.

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我们建议利用经皮肾造碎石术来治疗大而箝闭在上端输尿管的结石是一个安全而有效的方法。

We suggest that percutaneous nephroscopic ureterolithotripsy is a safe and efficient treatment option for the removal of large impacted proximal ureteral stones.

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