研究采用锚测验非等组设计，对IRT真分数等值和IRT观察分数等值两种方法进行了比较研究。
IRT true score equating and IRT observed score equating in common-item non-equivalent group design based on the item response theory were compared.
为了使分数带有大量信息，便于用户使用，大规模标准化考试在最终报道考试成绩前，分数要经过加权处理、等值处理、正态化转换等一系列转换过程。
In large scale standardized tests, the test scores, before release, have to undergo a series of transformation processes, including score weighting, score equating, and score normalization, etc.
一般说来，核等值法有五个步骤，分别是前平滑处理、估计分数概率、连续化、等值、计算等值标准误。
The kernel method of test equating has five steps, including presmoothing, estimation of test score probability, continuation, equating and calculation of standard error of equating.
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