背景：目前治疗第五跖骨干骺端慢性骨不愈合的金标准是髓内螺钉固定。
Background the current "gold standard" for treatment of chronic fracture nonunion in the metaphyseal-diaphyseal region of the fifth metatarsal is intramedullary screw fixation.
触诊内外踝和第五跖骨基底部，如有骨擦捻发音或压痛，则提示骨折可能。
Palpate the lateral and medial malleoli and the base of the fifth metatarsal; crepitus ortenderness suggests a fracture.
结论螺钉髓内固定和震波治疗都是治疗第五跖骨干骺端骨折不愈合的有效方法。
Conclusions Both intramedullary screw fixation and shock wave therapy are effective treatments for fracture nonunion in the metaphyseal-diaphyseal region of the fifth metatarsal.
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