这样，诸如尿素（蛋白质新陈代谢所留下的残余物质）和多余的磷酸盐离子等物质便从血液转移到水中。

Substances such as urea (a leftover from protein metabolism) and excess phosphate ions therefore flow from the blood to the water.

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不同浓度的钾离子和氯离子一般会致使离子由低浓度的原始细胞向高浓度的转移。

The difference in concentrations of potassium and chloride ions would normally cause ions to move from the less concentrated protocell to the more concentrated one.

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电价：在原子间形成离子键的过程中，由电子从一种元素的原子转移到另一种元素的原子所表示的价。

Electrovalence: valence characterized by the transfer of electrons from atoms of one element to atoms of another during the formation of an ionic bond between the atoms.

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We started with gaseous sodium to make gaseous sodium ion and gaseous atomic chlorine to make gaseous chloride ion through electron transfer.

我们从气态的钠开始,得到气态的钠离子,从气态的氯原子,通过电子转移得到氯离子。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选