目的：研究国产陶瓷表面离子交换处理对热压铸瓷冠抗碎裂载荷的影响。
PURPOSE: To study the effect of ion-exchange treatment on the fracture resistance of hot pressable ceramic crown.
综述了近几年蔗汁脱色的研究概况，介绍了表面活性剂、离子交换技术、吸附脱色、氧化还原脱色等技术及其应用情况。
The study situation of cane juice decolorization in a few years were reviewed, included surface active agents, ion exchange, absorption decolorization, redox decolorization and so on.
对该玻璃表面黑化，采用了离子交换氢还原法、玻璃中掺杂着色离子法、表面涂覆法以及溶胶凝胶法。
The glass surface is blackened by use of ion exchange hydrogen reduction method, doping coloration ion method, surface coating method and collosol-gelling method.
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