结果表明：回弹角随弯曲角、芯棒与管壁间隙及材料硬化系数的增大而增大，随材料硬化指数的增大而减小。

The results show that: the springback Angle of bent tube increases with the bending Angle, the gap between mandrel and tube, and the hardening coefficient, but decreases with the hardenability value.

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采用从初始应力点到状态边界面的距离为参数的系数来修正硬化准则以模拟土体小应变条件下的应力应变特征。

A function of distance between initial stress strain point and point at state boundary surface is adopted to simulate stress strain behaviour of soil in condition of small strain.

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不锈钢材料由于强度高、导热系数低、韧性大以及加工硬化严重等原因使得切削加工非常困难。

High strength, low thermal conductivity, high ductility and high work hardening tendency of stainless steels are the main factors that make their machinability difficult.

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