本来，银行赚钱应该是经由移转短期债务的风险到长期贷款的巧妙管理，但是，他们却反其道而行。

Banks are supposed to make money by skillfully managing the risk of transforming short-term debt into long-term loans; instead, they were undone by it.

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为了缓和这一风险，这些国家避开短期债务并保持低负债率，其中有些国家筹备巨额的外币款项。

To mitigate that risk, these countries eschew short-term debt and keep debt ratios low; some build up huge war chests of foreign currency.

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