...经存在大量文献讨论超导唯象理论中明显违背规范不变性的问题，即超导体中电磁场产生的电流取决于“矢量势”（vector potential），它不遵从规范不变性。但巴丁、库珀和施里弗的注意力集中在了动力学的细节而不是对称破缺。
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结果说明在电场中引入矢量势，能够刻画静电场的物理性质。
The results prove that the physic characteristics of symmetrical static electric field can be described by the vector potential in static electric field.
最新研究发现原子核对称能与平均的能级密度和同位旋矢量势直接相关。
Recently it was found that the nuclear symmetry energy can be directly associated with the mean level density and an iso-vector potential.
然后利用矢量势和涡方程以及人工瞬变方法计算封闭腔中水的三维粘性自然对流。
Then, the vector potential and vorticity equations and the method of the false transient are applied to compute the three-dimensional viscous natural convection.
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