也可以根据防治实际中目标害虫的虫口密度及单株放蜂数量来确定每管的接入寄主数和种蜂数。
Sometimes, the amount of female wasps and hosts in single tube could be based on the density of target pests and the amount of female wasps released on one plant.
害虫通常以特定的树种为目标，一旦形成，它们通常会成为生态系统的永久组成部分。
Pests often target specific tree species and, if they become established, they usually remain as permanent components of the ecosystem.
研究表明，转基因741杨对目标昆虫和非目的植食性害虫存在负效应，而对天敌和中性节肢动物组成和发生无明显负作用。
Transgenic insect-resistance hybrid poplar 741 had negative effect on target and non-target phytophagous pests, but had positive effect on natural enemies and neutral arthropod.
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