对压电材料电荷能量回收性能进行研究。

The paper did some research on the characteristics of charge energy recovery on the piezoelectric material.

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这就为研究激光的工作人员出了一个难题：如果能量输出有两种形式，他们怎样运用电荷守恒和能量守恒定律呢？

This posed a conundrum for researchers working with the laser: How were they to apply the laws of conservation of charge and conservation of energy with two forms of energy output?

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反物质，首先是由保罗·狄拉克(Paul Dirac)于1931年所预先估计出来的，它有着与正常物质相反的电荷，可以在一瞬间内与正物质能量的相互作用而湮灭。

Antimatter, first predicted by physicist Paul Dirac in 1931, has the opposite charge of normal matter and annihilates completely in a flash of energy upon interaction with normal matter.

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So, an energy deficit, accelerating charge, the accelerating negative charge, because it's the negatives that are orbiting the positive center.

能量的损失，加速电荷，加速的负电荷，因为这是负电荷,围绕在正电荷中心的周围。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

What people did is they said let's define a unit of energy that represents a unit charge accelerated across a unit potential difference, and let's call that the electron volt.

前人们所做的就是他们说让我们确定,一个能量单位用来代表一单位电荷,加速穿过形成的一单位电势差，我们叫它电子伏特。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

But we could, for example, look at a case where we have several different structures that look pretty good, and the one we want to determine as being the lowest energy structure is the one in which the absolute values of the formal charges are going to be lower, so essentially that they have less charge separation.

但是我们可能，比如，遇到一种情况,有好几个候选的路易斯结构看起来都挺好的，这时候我们就需要,通过比较哪个形式电荷的绝对值更低,来决定哪个结构的能量更低，本质上这个结构中分开的电荷更少。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选