在解二维电磁波衍射问题时，经常导出一对孪生积分方程。
A pair of dual integral equations can be obtained often by solving electromagnetic wave diffraction problems in two dimensional case.
麦克斯韦方程组：洛仑兹力，平面电磁波，辐射，光波，反射，折射，惠更斯原理，衍射，干涉现象。
Maxwell equations: Lorentz force, plane electromagnetic waves, radiation, light waves, reflexion, refraction, Huyghens principle, diffraction, interference phenomena.
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