直到不久前，这些研究都仅限于一些在基因上与人类相距甚远的短寿命生物。
Until fairly recently, the studies were limited to short-lived creatures genetically distant from humans.
大约4万6千年前，在一种使用工具、高度智能的捕食者入侵后不久，澳大利亚主要的陆地生物发生了一些巨大的变化。
Something dramatic happened to Australia's dominant land creatures—somewhere around 46,000 years ago, strikingly soon after the invasion of a tool-wielding, highly intelligent predator.
美国西部干燥的山脉包含了距今4.4亿至5.1亿年前的奥陶纪岩石，其中充斥着热带海洋生物生存的迹象。
The dry mountain ranges of the western United States contain rocks dating back 440 to 510 million years, to the Ordovician period, and teeming with evidence of tropical marine life.
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