因为渠道建设的高昂成本使得相关产业存在决定用户基础( Subscriber Base) 的瓶颈设施(Bottleneck Facility) (见表1) ,再加上需求有限导致的成本弱增性(Subaddivity) ,纵 向分割就能避免重复建设、减少社会成本。
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在强烈的网络外部性条件下, 市 场上技术的垄断者通常通过控制网络必不可少的连接, 即 控制瓶颈设施 ( essential facility) 而可能达到自然垄断 (Richard N.
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One is enterprises which own dominant position because of holding the bottleneck facilities. The other is conducts of restricting other competitors.
一是主体要件，即基于占据瓶颈设施而享有市场支配地位的企业；二是行为要件，即收取超高的瓶颈设施接入价格或拒绝接入等扼制其他竞争者的行为。
参考来源 - 论瓶颈垄断的法律规制·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
更多用于基础设施和教育可以缓解瓶颈。
More spending on infrastructure and education could have relieved bottlenecks.
在很多国家，像印度，主要的问题很可能是基础设施的瓶颈：机场太少而不是旅客太少。
In some countries, like India, the main problem is likely to be infrastructure bottlenecks: too few airports rather than too few travelers.
另外，使用更多的基础设施意味着在通信量低时可能供应过度，而在通信量非常高时仍然可能会遇到瓶颈。
In addition, building out more infrastructures means that you may over provisioned when the traffic is low, and when the traffic is really high, you may still run into bottleneck.
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