在一个手动变速器里，当你操纵换挡杆从一个档位到另一个档位时，齿轮沿轴向滑动，使大小不同的齿轮进行啮合从而满足不同的传动比的需要。
In a manual transmission, gears slide along shafts as you move the shift lever from one position to another, engaging various sized gears as required in order to provide the correct gear ratio,.
换档执行机构的类型包括滑动齿轮、啮合套、同步器、换档离合器和自由轮，其中同步器是汽车变速器中广泛使用的执行元件。
Shift actuator has five different types, such as sliding gears, gear sets, synchronizer, gear clutch and free wheel. And the synchronizer is widely used in automotive transmission.
但是，在自动变速器里，齿轮不需要滑动，所有齿轮相互之间保持啮合状态，换挡是通过行星齿轮的控制来实现的。
In an automatic transmission, however, the gears are never physically moved and are always engaged to the same gears. This is accomplished through the use of planetary gear sets.
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