混杂因素亦称混杂因子或外来因素，是指与研究因素和研究疾病均有关，若在比较的人群组中分布不匀，可以歪曲（掩盖或夸大）因素与疾病之间真正联系的因素。
联系强度和混杂因素在研究的预后因素中仍然是未知的。
The strength of identified associations and the extent of confounding between investigated prognostic factors remain uncertain.
在很多情况下，很多因素可能作为混杂因素导致不同的结果。
In many cases, there are confounding factors that are unmeasured which are probably related to differences in outcome.
而最后一种可能，叫做混杂因素，因为它模糊我们找到真正原因的能力。
And the last possibility is what is known as confounding, because it confounds our ability to figure out what's going on.
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