指产品离开生产过程尚未进入消费过程，处于流通领域内的储备，亦称“商品储备”。它包括成品储备及供销储备。
这是一个设在美联储的资本储备，由财政部通过销售新的国债提供资金，但该账户的过剩资本是“受困”的，并不会立即变为流通货币。
This is a capital reserve in the Fed financed by the Treasury selling new debt, but its excess capital is "trapped" and does not immediately reach currency in circulation.
为抵消这些额外的流通，中央银行向商业银行卖出有价证券从而遏制外汇储备的增加。
To offset this extra liquidity, the bank “sterilised” the increase in foreign reserves by selling securities to banks.
三个国家都有固定的汇率(货币流通委员会在爱沙尼亚和立陶宛，一个货币流通分支在拉脱维亚)，这些固定的汇率完全由外汇储备所支撑。
All three countries have fixed exchange rates (currency boards in Estonia and Lithuania, a currency peg in Latvia) fully backed by foreign-currency reserves.
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