先驱者包括乌普萨拉大学的帕特里克•尤斯林和哥德堡大学的丹尼尔·法斯特·加尔，两人都在瑞士。
Among the pioneers are Patrik Juslin, of Uppsala University, and Daniel Vastfjall, of Gothenburg University, both in Sweden.
埃及的法蒂玛王朝在萨拉丁到来前濒于完全崩溃。
The Fatimid State in Egypt was on the verge of total disintegration in the period before Saladin's arrival.
萨拉丁继承的法蒂玛王朝仍如当年沙瓦尔统治时般一点都不稳定，而他还面临身为外国占领者这一额外挑战。
The Fatimid State he inherited was every bit as unstable as the one Shawar had seized, but Saladin faced the additional challenge of being of foreign occupier.
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