没有这些工具，就没有参考点来标明我们进步了多少，退步了多少。

Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated.

youdao

降低风险：许多实现和部署已经在没有参考体系结构指导的情况下完成了。

Risk mitigation: Many implementations and deployments are done without the availability of a reference architecture for guidance.

youdao

此外，马格纳尼没有参考那张照片——照片是后来拍的，可能是有人想弄清楚他是否在撒谎。

Again, Magnani did not have that photo to work from -- that was taken later, probably by somebody trying to find out if he was full of shit.

youdao

Another book, which I haven't put on reserve yet but I'm going to, is by Peter Unger, who is a philosopher.

另一本书,虽然我还没有把它,列进参考书目,但是我要加上它,是彼得·昂格尔写的,他是个哲学家

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

So let's start somewhere; what we're going to do is we'll refer back to this other picture, which is why I left it here.

就从这里开始着手吧,我们先来参考一下之前的图像,所以我之前没有擦掉它

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So if we do this and we form the molecule ammonia, let's switch to a clicker question, and have you tell me what the bond angle - is going to be in ammonia -- HNH Actually, let me draw it on the board as you look -- actually, can you put the class notes on, since you don't actually have your notes to refer to.

如果这样做的话，我们就可以形成氨分子，让我们来做一个课堂练习,你们告诉我氨分子中的键角是多少-,键角，the，h，n，h，bond，angle。,实际上让我在黑板上画出它来，这样你们可以看到实际上-,你能把课堂讲义放出来吗，因为你们没有讲义可以参考。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选