像宽干谷这样爆裂的火山口形成于蒸汽喷发的过程中，在那里，上升的岩浆与地表下的水接触形成了蒸汽喷发。

Volcanic explosion craters such as Dallol form during phreatic eruptions—where rising magma comes into contact with water beneath the surface of the Earth, causing a steam explosion.

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这使得来自地中海的密度较大的水像河流一样在海床上流淌，冲刷蚀刻出大概115英尺深0.6英里宽的水道和河岸。

This causes the dense water from the Mediterranean to flow like a river along the sea bed, carving a channel with Banks around 115 feet deep and 0.6 of a mile wide.

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泰晤士水公司气候变迁策略经理基斯。 柯恩宽说：“谈这个可能不太礼貌，不过我们所生产的（粪便）不仅仅是废物，也是种绝佳的能源。”

“There’s no polite way of saying this but what we produce —our poo —isn’t simply waste, it’s a great source of energy, ” said Keith Colquhoun, Thames Water’s climate change strategy manager.

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