对于哺乳动物，每次吸气都将富氧空气带进肺中被称为肺泡的“死胡同”。 这些在肺泡中循环的空气通过与肺毛细血管的血液进行气体交换，输进氧气并带走血液中的二氧化碳。
Air circulating through these sacs transfers oxygen into the bloodstream that picks up the blood's carbon dioxide waste.
完成了物质交换的脱氧血从毛细血管汇入小静脉，然后再经由大静脉返回心脏。
Capillaries rejoin into larger venules , which unite to form veins, which carry blood back to the heart.
血管球成为血流从动脉流至静脉的旁路，避免通过毛细血管产生氧气和热量交换。
These serve to shunt blood from the arterial to the venous side of the vascular system, thereby avoiding the capillaries, where exchange of oxygen and heat takes place.
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