免疫学的一个分支学科。它主要研究生物在进化过程中，免疫系统及其功能的发生发展过程。个体发育重复种系发育的过程，免疫系统同样适用这一生物学的普遍规律，免疫系统随着种系的进化而逐步完善。在生物进化过程中，新出现的免疫功能并不代替原有的、最早的免疫功能，而是新的、较高水平的免疫功能与原有的功能共同协作，使免疫系统日益完善。
此文中，作者的目的是比较颈椎间盘退变和膨出在免疫学和免疫组织化学的不同点。
In this paper the authors' goal was to identify histological and immunohistochemical differences between cervical disc herniation and spondylosis.
方法将71例女性，6例男性红斑狼疮患者的临床、血清免疫学指标和肾脏损害进行比较。
Mether Clinical and serum immunological indexes of 71 female with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) were reviewed and compared with those of 6 male counterparts.
比较清热解毒中药和补益类中药对小鼠腹水肝癌h 22细胞的作用及免疫学机制。
To compare the effects of heat-clearing and detoxifying herbs with that of tonifying herbs on mice hepatoma cells line H22, and to explore their immunologic mechanisms.
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