残余误差简称残差，是测量结果减去被测量的最佳估计值，即 ν=x-/x 式中，v表示残差；/x表示真值的最佳估计值（也即约定真值）。 残差与误差的区别就是被减数是真值还是均值。
并通过从测量误差向量中分离出主修正向量后的残余误差向量方法提高修正效率。
The modification efficiency is improved by getting the residual error vector of the major modification vector separated from the measured error vector.
采用残余误差观察法观察残差图中各个残余误差大小和符号变化规律，可直接判断有无系统误差。
Big and small of residual error and rule of sign change was observed with inspection method of residual error, and if it had system error or rough error and so on was identified.
从弹塑性理论出发以圆截面轴为例对校正应力与残余变形进行了分析研究，提出了在给定弯曲误差下的校正载荷的计算公式。
The paper has studied straightening stress and residual deformation of circular shaft by using elastic - plastic theory, deueloped calculation formula of straightening loud in given deflection error.
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