死本能（death instinct）是弗洛伊德术语。他认为，人类除有生的本能（包括自我本能和性本能）而外，还有与之相对立的死本能。它体现仇恨与破坏的力量，表现为求杀的欲望。当它向外表现时，就成为破坏、损害、侵犯的驱力，这时，它不会毁伤自我。
当它攻击生命的源泉时，它可以被认为是死本能最早的直接外化。
As it attacks the source of life, it may be considered to be the earliest direct externalisation of the death instinct.
但是环境是可以修改这些倾向的，Klein非常强调天生的因素以及与死本能之间的链接。
Whilst the environment may modify these tendencies, Klein places substantial emphasis on innate factors and links envy with the death drive.
Segal 写到：嫉羡从原始的爱与钦佩发生，比贪婪少一些力比多的成分，弥漫着死本能。
Segal writes : Envy though arising from primitive love and admiration has a less strong libidinal component than greed and is suffused with the death instinct.
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